The EMF uncertainty problem related to mobile phones: where do consumers place their trust?

This paper addresses the uncertainty problem, i.e. cases characterized by lack of knowledge or scientific uncertainty. In such situations, it can be hard for consumers to ‘voice’ or practise consumer power. One field characterized by the uncertainty problem is electromagnetic radiation. An explicit goal of this study has been to articulate Norwegian consumers' practices, attitudes and beliefs regarding electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones to public authorities and consumer policy makers. The study was based on 1000 telephone interviews collected in 2008. Today, experts disagree on the potential health effects of radiation from electromagnetic fields (EMF), as well as standards for safe limits of exposure to mobile phones, base stations and wireless telecommunication systems. In addition, complicated technology and extremely rapid product development and diffusion leave consumers' security considerations to their own beliefs and trust. Whether or not electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones constitutes a health hazard will not be addressed in this paper. Rather, it will focus on how consumers react to this situation of uncertainty. The material reveals four main ways in which consumers can solve what we have named the EMF uncertainty problem: the confident and comfortable way, the sceptical and cautious way, the responsible and good citizen way, and finally, the neglecting way. The paper also discusses the precautionary principle related to EMF. Who should be precautionary: the public authorities, the mobile phone industry or the consumers themselves? We believe that a consistent governmental precautionary policy in combination with consumers taking their own precautionary measures is a viable solution. In this way, all consumers would be addressed and aided when navigating this field of uncertainty.     

高储蓄：新视角下的最优化分析及影响因素研究

近年来我国经济保持了高水平的增长，根据有关部门测算，2009年全年GDP增速达到9．2％，人均GDP达到3736美元，同时我国的国内生产总值已跃升为世界第三位．但是，与之形成鲜明对比的是我国的城乡居民储蓄存款总额节节攀升。有资料显示，1995年的国内蓄率为42％，2003年为45％，至2006年达56％。据央行公布的金融统计数据显示，截至2007年底，全国居民储蓄总额为17．6万亿人民币，同比增长了6．8％。有必要用计量回归的实证方法进行分析     

Pension reforms and saving gains in the United Kingdom

The empirical validity of the effect of pension reforms on domestic savings in the UK has been investigated using an Auto‐regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model capable of testing for the existence of a long‐run relationship regardless of whether the underlying time series are individually I(1) or I(0). The total savings response to change in pension savings is positive and significant, but an increase in occupational pension saving appears offset by a decrease in other forms of saving. This paper concludes that there is no firm evidence that aggregate savings increase considerably because of privately funded pension schemes.     

断桩的事故分析和处理方法

桩基事故多因机械、钻孔、技术管理等因素造成,而操作不当是造成事故的重要因素。文章主要分析了钻孔灌注各种桩断桩事故产生的原因,提出了断桩事故的预防措施和处理方法,强调在事故的预防重点抓好管理工作。     

社会保障对居民个人储蓄的影响：理论和实证研究综述

对有关文献的考察表明,多数西方学者认为社会保障具有减少储蓄的作用。从理论上看,社会保障可以同时产生增加和减少储蓄的作用,究竞净效应是正是负,还要看实证分析的结果。从实证研究结果来看,时间序列分析存在一定的理论缺陷,跨国分析则遇到了估计方法和储蓄习惯的难题而缺乏说服力,相对来说比较成功的实证研究是横截面分析。尽管横截面分析也面临着一些难点,但其中的大多数研究确实为社会保障减少储蓄的净效应提供了证据。     

城镇医疗保险改革对预防性储蓄有挤出效应吗？

利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）数据和倍差法,分析1998年的城镇医疗保险改革对预防性储蓄的影响,实证发现：城镇医疗保险改革对预防性储蓄没有挤出效应;对贫困个体而言,医疗保险改革甚至使其增加了预防性储蓄。医疗支出风险并没有随着改革的推进而降低,是我国城镇医疗保险改革对储蓄没有影响的重要原因。     

人口年龄结构、储蓄率与经常项目差额——基于亚洲13个国家面板数据的实证检验

从人口年龄结构角度解释经常项目差额是一个中长期的结构性研究视角。东亚国家的典型事实分析表明,人口年龄结构很可能是可贸易品在国家间转移的重要决定因素。面板数据实证检验发现:在开放经济条件下,经常项目差额受到国内储蓄、投资等经济变量的显著性影响,经常项目差额与国内投资率存在此消彼长的关系;少儿人口比重和老年人口比重与经常项目差额存在反向关系。可以推断,中国在人口总抚养比较低的"人口红利"期贸易顺差换得的外汇储备具备了应对未来老龄化社会的战略价值。     

我国居民储蓄与股市联动效应及对策

文章通过对我国股市与居民储蓄相关性的实证剖析,论证了居民储蓄与股市价量的联动效应,解释了影响储蓄与股市联动效应的因素。探讨了合理分流储蓄、推动投资渠道多元化、加强监管、保持政策调控持续性等促进股市稳健发展的对策建议。     

中国居民消费的特点、影响因素以及发展趋势分析

本文采用西方相关文献分析消费问题,首先讨论中国居民的消费概况,然后用凯恩斯理论分析中国人高储蓄率、低消费率的原因,探讨消费信贷在中国的发展,并且对中国私人消费的发展趋势作出客观预测。